The problem is in front of us: why do public chain projects always focus on TPS? Actually, this approach is fundamentally wrong. The real factor that determines victory or defeat is not how many times faster the chain is, but who can solve the deadly issue of data accumulation.

Solana was once fast and powerful, but bottlenecks gradually surfaced. On-chain data kept expanding—NFT metadata, transaction history, contract states—all piled together, requiring several TB of disk space for node synchronization. The operational costs of nodes soared, the participation threshold increased, and the network tended toward centralization—this is the curse of state explosion.

Sui's approach is completely different. It performs a major overhaul: dividing responsibilities. The main chain handles computation and consensus, like a lightweight racing car, as fast and lean as possible. What about large files? Images, videos, application front-end interfaces—all are handed over to Walrus, a specialized storage layer.

This is not just a simple "on-chain cloud storage" concept but an architectural innovation. Walrus decouples data permanence and availability from the settlement layer, using independent encoding and verification mechanisms to ensure security. The result is that Sui can maintain high efficiency continuously, significantly improving user experience and reducing node burden.

From another perspective, public chains without this separation scheme are bound to repeat Solana's current predicament in three to five years—bulky, slow, and costly. But with this design, Sui might truly break out of this cycle.

GameFi and social applications are especially sensitive to this. Game assets, user-generated content, and historical interaction data are enormous. If all are stored on the main chain, the experience immediately collapses. Using layered storage greatly alleviates performance pressure, giving developers more room for imagination.

Whether you believe in a particular project or not, the technological direction is already clear: the next generation of public chains will compete in data governance. Those who can handle this problem more elegantly will survive longer.