The Brazilian energy industry is facing a new turning point. As domestic oil reserves decline year by year, the government is shifting its strategic focus to undeveloped deep-sea oil fields—a region rich in biodiversity but with the weakest geological surveys. Will this bet turn the tide? Where are the risks? The concerns of local communities and environmental organizations are worth following: large-scale exploitation in one of the world's least studied ecologically sensitive areas could lead to potential environmental costs far exceeding economic benefits. From the perspective of the commodity market, this decision will impact global oil and gas supply expectations and energy price movement. The intersection of geopolitics, climate policies, and industry cycles often serves as a critical turning point for the market.