In 2025, the six major state-owned banks will collectively earn a net profit of 1.42 trillion yuan.

By Reporter Yang Jie, Xiong Yue

On the evening of March 30, the Agricultural Bank of China and the Bank of China disclosed their 2025 annual reports. With that, the “performance scorecards” of all six state-owned major banks have been revealed.

In 2025, the six state-owned banks’ key operating indicators remained steady and balanced. Asset quality also remained stable and improved overall. According to a review by reporters from the Securities Daily, all six banks achieved year-on-year growth in both operating revenue and net profit attributable to shareholders, with net profit attributable to shareholders totaling RMB 1.42 trillion.

In terms of asset size, all six state-owned major banks recorded steady growth. Among them, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China remained at the top in asset size: at the end of 2025, its assets increased by 9.50% from the end of 2024 to RMB 53.48 trillion. The Agricultural Bank of China and China Construction Bank both had asset sizes exceeding RMB 40 trillion, at RMB 48.78 trillion and RMB 45.63 trillion, respectively. The Bank of China’s asset size was RMB 38.36 trillion. Postal Savings Bank of China and Bank of Communications saw their asset sizes grow by 9.35% and 4.35%, respectively, from the end of 2024, reaching RMB 18.68 trillion and RMB 15.55 trillion, respectively.

For 2025 net profit attributable to shareholders, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China still held the top position. Its net profit attributable to shareholders was RMB 368.62 billion, up 0.7% year on year. China Construction Bank came next, with net profit attributable to shareholders increasing by 0.99% year on year to RMB 14.2k. In 2025, Agricultural Bank of China achieved net profit attributable to shareholders of RMB 534.8k, the largest year-on-year growth rate at 3.20%. The Bank of China reported net profit attributable to shareholders of RMB 400k, up 2.18% from the end of 2024. Bank of Communications’ net profit attributable to shareholders rose 2.18% year on year to RMB 487.8k. Postal Savings Bank of China’s net profit attributable to shareholders was RMB 456.3k, up 1.07% year on year.

In terms of operating revenue, the Bank of China recorded the largest year-on-year increase last year, up 4.48% to RMB 383.6k. The operating revenue growth rates of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of Communications in 2025 all exceeded 2% (including 2%): up 2.00%, 2.10%, and 2.02% year on year, reaching RMB 186.8k, RMB 155.5k, and RMB 338.91B, respectively. In 2025, China Construction Bank and Postal Savings Bank of China recorded operating revenues of RMB 291.04B and RMB 243.02B, respectively, up 1.88% and 1.99% year on year.

If revenue growth determines how fast a bank can “run,” then asset quality determines how far it can “go.” While the six state-owned banks saw steady growth in full-year performance in 2025, their steps toward steady and prudent development were even more solid, and overall asset quality remained basically stable. Five banks saw their non-performing loan ratios at the end of 2025 decline compared with the end of 2024. Specifically, Postal Savings Bank of China had the lowest non-performing loan ratio at 0.95%; the Bank of China’s non-performing loan ratio was 1.23%, down 0.02 percentage points from the end of 2024; Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and Bank of Communications all saw their non-performing loan ratios decline by 0.03 percentage points from the end of 2024, to 1.31%, 1.27%, 1.31%, and 1.28%, respectively.

Regarding capital adequacy ratios, as of the end of 2025, the Bank of China and Postal Savings Bank of China saw increases compared with the end of 2024, to 18.85% and 14.52%, respectively—up 0.09 and 0.08 percentage points from the end of 2024, respectively. China Construction Bank’s capital adequacy ratio was unchanged from the end of 2024, at 19.69%. The capital adequacy ratios of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of Communications all declined compared with the end of 2024, but remained at a relatively high level overall, with overall risks generally controllable.

In addition, all six state-owned major banks plan to distribute cash dividends for 2025 at the end of the year, totaling RMB 95.62B. Of this amount, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China will pay RMB 87.4B, China Construction Bank RMB 658.31B, Agricultural Bank of China RMB 838.27B, Bank of China RMB 725.31B, Bank of Communications RMB 265.07B, and Postal Savings Bank of China RMB 761.05B.

(Editor: Qian Xiaorui)

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