What is the essential difference between humans and dogs?

A Conversation about People, Dogs, and AGI
After finishing Schumacher's underrated classic "Resolving Confusion: Mental Models Determine Your Life", I was struck by his "Four Levels of World Classification" system:
Inorganic matter: lifeless and unperceptive;
Plants: living without perception;
Animals: living and perceptive;
Human: alive, perceptive, capable of reflection.
So the question arises —
What is the difference between humans and dogs?
Dogs can howl and get angry, but they do not reflect on their howling and anger.
People can.
Reflection is the fundamental divide between humans and animals.
This reflection has transformed the world from a "reactive system" to a "complex system."
There is no strategy in the financial markets that guarantees perpetual profits, because human reflection gives the market a "reflexivity". Soros simply revealed this: when you think about the market, the market is also reflecting on you.
Heidegger refers to human beings as "Dasein" —
Be aware of one's own existence.
Sartre is more straightforward: man is condemned to be free.
Because we can reflect, we must choose; because we can choose, we must bear anxiety.
Choosing anxiety is not a flaw, but the price of freedom.
Rationality and emotion intertwine, forming the "mental loop" of human civilization.
What about AI?
AI currently does not have the "pain of reflection."
It can simulate thinking, but it does not "worry about its own thinking."
It has no death anxiety, and thus no real choice.
So, if one day AGI really comes into existence,
It will inevitably see through human emotions and even transcend human anxiety about death.
At that time, it was no longer just a mimic of humanity -
but rather a higher level of "reflective existence".